Toluene

Environmental health criteria for toluene

Summary and recommendations

Summary

Conclusions and recommendations

Identity, physical and chemical properties, analytical methods

Identity

Physical and chemical properties

Organoleptic properties

Conversion factors

Analytical methods

Sources of human and environmental exposure

Natural occurrence

Man-made sources

Environmental transport, distribution, and transformation

Transport and distribution between media

Biotransformation

Environmetal levels and human exposure

Environmental levels

General population exposure

Occupational exposure during manufacture, formulation, or use

Effects on organisms in the environment

Microorganisms

Aquatic organisms

Terrestrial organisms

Population and ecosystem effects

Effects on the abiotic environment

Kinetics and metabolism

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolic transformation

Elimination and excretion in expired air, faces, and urine

Toluene

Excretion of metabolites

Effects on experimental animals and in vitro test systems

Single exposures

Short-term exposures

Skin and eye irritation; sensitization

Long-term exposure

Reproduction, embryotoxicity, and teratogenicity

Mutagenicity and related end-points

Carcinogenicity

Special studies

Factors modifying toxicity; toxicity of metabolites

Effects on man

Acute toxicity

Effects of short-and long-term exposure including controlled human studies

Occupational exposure

Evaluation of human health risks and effects on the environment

Evaluation of human health risks

Acute and short-term effects on man

Evaluation of environmental hazards of toluene

Previous evaluations by international bodies

Inglés